What is the highest resolution external display that can be driven by the Late 2012 13" Retina MacBook Pro
The MacBook is configured with 2.5 GHz Intel i5 processor, 8 GB of RMA and the Intel HD Graphics 4000 with 768 MB shared memory.
It's running Mac OS X 10.8.5 (12F45).
In particular, I'm wondering if it can drive Ultra HD display with a resolution of 3840 × 2160?
Solution 1:
If you are talking about the non-Retina version, then the highest it can go is 2560 x 1600 pixels for one display. (Source (under "Graphics and Video Support")).
If you are talking about the Retina version, then it can also go up to 2560 x 1600 pixels, but up to two displays. (Source (under "Graphics and Video Support"))
Conclusion: you should still be able to use the display in question, but your Mac will only let your monitor go up to 2560 x 1600.
Solution 2:
Here is the official link that says that you can connect a 4k monitor but at 30HZ, and on some setups (e.g. macbook pro retina late 2013) at 60HZ
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht6008
Also, the support article on thunderbolt FAQ is relevant to what monitors can be driven at high resolutions:
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3382#11