"Café" vs. "coffee shop" in American English

When is café used and when is coffee shop used? Are there any differences? Which is more widespread?

Solution 1:

Café is a commonly used loan-word in English. Being French it has a connotation of being either classy or pretentious, depending on your point of view. Coffee shop has no similar connotations.

Solution 2:

From personal experience in the United States, a café serves meals, while a coffee shop usually just sells snacks (muffins, scones, shortbread). This is not strictly the case, and both usually serve coffee.

Side note; I would almost argue that a coffee shop carries the pretentious connotation more than a café, since coffee shops are where people usually go to study, write, or work on a laptop and time appears more important.