How can I use SMB shares under Mavericks?

There seem to be different problems and solutions to this problem floating around:

1. Fix switching from SMB to cifs
2. Not being able to access OS X shares from Windows
3. All kinds of problems with SMB and Mavericks over at Apple

My problem is like in the first link: I have a Raspberry Pi (Linux) SMB server. It serves files to my MBP running Mavericks. However, I cannot connect to the Pi. The Console logging says:

30.10.13 21:50:53,422 NetAuthSysAgent[6632]: smb_mount: mount failed to raspberrypi/MyShare, syserr = File exists

When I go to /Volumes in a shell and do an ls, I get this:

user@mac:/Volumes $ ls -l
ls: MyShare: Invalid argument
total 8
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  admin  1 28 Okt 21:39 M4 -> /
user@mac:/Volumes $ 

So my main hard drive M4 is visible, the share produces an invalid argument. I already rebooted my Mac three times.

How can I solve this?

If you can't get SMB working, try AFP. You can run both side-by-side, and use SMB on your Windows and AFP on OS X.

To set up AFP on your Raspberry Pi, you can use the following command:

sudo apt-get install netatalk

This will install Netatalk on your RPi, and following successful installation, the RPi should automatically show in the Shared section in Finder and the Network neighbourhood (⌘⇧K):

^{If not, you can connect manually by pressing ⌘K and typing afp:// followed by the IP address of your RPi.}