Kong DNS resolution failed without default gateway

I am attempting to send a request to endpoint /v1/resource, and I am getting the following error:

2021/06/02 23:17:17 [crit] 30#0: *2963 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 23:17:18 [crit] 30#0: *2969 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 23:17:19 [crit] 30#0: *2988 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 23:17:20 [crit] 30#0: *3007 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 23:17:21 [crit] 30#0: *3039 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 23:17:21 [crit] 30#0: *3053 connect() failed (101: Network unreachable), context: ngx.timer, client: 172.13.0.21, server: 0.0.0.0:8443
2021/06/02 22:16:27 [error] 30#0: *29609 [lua] balancer.lua:1064: execute(): DNS resolution failed: dns lookup pool exceeded retries (1): failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable. Tried: ["(short)my.hostname.com:(na) - cache-miss","my.hostname.com:33 - cache-miss/scheduled/try 1 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/scheduled/try 2 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/dns lookup pool exceeded retries (1): failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable","my.hostname.com:1 - cache-miss/scheduled/try 1 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/scheduled/try 2 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/dns lookup pool exceeded retries (1): failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable","my.hostname.com:5 - cache-miss/scheduled/try 1 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/scheduled/try 2 error: failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable/dns lookup pool exceeded retries (1): failed to create a resolver: failed to set peer name: network unreachable"], client: 172.13.0.21, server: kong, request: "GET /v1/resource HTTP/1.1", host: "my.hostname.com"
172.18.0.11 - - [02/Jun/2021:23:17:22 +0000] "GET /v1/resource HTTP/1.1" 500 42 "-" "curl/7.29.0"

It complains that i cannot resolve my.hostname.com, however, when I exec into the Kong docker, I am able to successfully get a response, and able to ping my.hostname.com successfully.

bash-5.0# nslookup my.hostname.com
Server:     172.13.0.1
Address:    172.13.0.1:5

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   my.hostname.com
Address: 172.13.0.21

Non-authoritative answer:

And ping:

bash-5.0# ping my.hostname.com
PING my.hostname.com (172.13.0.21): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.13.0.21: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.065 ms
64 bytes from 172.13.0.21: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms
64 bytes from 172.13.0.21: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms

The issue can be fixed if a default route is added, however, on our setup this is not possible and this should work because all services are localhost.

bash-5.0$ kong version
2.4.1

nginx.conf:

charset UTF-8;
server_tokens off;

error_log /dev/stderr debug;

lua_package_path       './?.lua;./?/init.lua;;;;';
lua_package_cpath      ';;;';
lua_socket_pool_size   30;
lua_socket_log_errors  off;
lua_max_running_timers 4096;
lua_max_pending_timers 16384;
lua_ssl_verify_depth   1;

lua_shared_dict kong                        5m;
lua_shared_dict kong_locks                  8m;
lua_shared_dict kong_healthchecks           5m;
lua_shared_dict kong_process_events         5m;
lua_shared_dict kong_cluster_events         5m;
lua_shared_dict kong_rate_limiting_counters 12m;
lua_shared_dict kong_core_db_cache          128m;
lua_shared_dict kong_core_db_cache_miss     12m;
lua_shared_dict kong_db_cache               128m;
lua_shared_dict kong_db_cache_miss          12m;

underscores_in_headers on;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;

# injected nginx_http_* directives
client_body_buffer_size 8k;
client_max_body_size 0;
lua_shared_dict prometheus_metrics 5m;
lua_ssl_protocols TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_dhparam /usr/local/kong/ssl/ffdhe2048.pem;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_session_tickets on;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;

init_by_lua_block {
    Kong = require 'kong'
    Kong.init()
}

init_worker_by_lua_block {
    Kong.init_worker()
}

upstream kong_upstream {
    server 0.0.0.1;

    # injected nginx_upstream_* directives

    balancer_by_lua_block {
        Kong.balancer()
    }
}

server {
    server_name kong;
    listen 0.0.0.0:8000 reuseport backlog=16384;
    listen 0.0.0.0:8443 ssl http2 reuseport backlog=16384;

    error_page 400 404 405 408 411 412 413 414 417 494 /kong_error_handler;
    error_page 500 502 503 504                     /kong_error_handler;

    access_log /dev/stdout;
    error_log  /dev/stderr debug;

    ssl_certificate     /usr/local/kong/ssl/kong-default.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/kong/ssl/kong-default.key;
    ssl_certificate     /usr/local/kong/ssl/kong-default-ecdsa.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /usr/local/kong/ssl/kong-default-ecdsa.key;
    ssl_session_cache   shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_certificate_by_lua_block {
        Kong.ssl_certificate()
    }

    # injected nginx_proxy_* directives
    real_ip_header X-Real-IP;
    real_ip_recursive off;

    rewrite_by_lua_block {
        Kong.rewrite()
    }

    access_by_lua_block {
        Kong.access()
    }

    header_filter_by_lua_block {
        Kong.header_filter()
    }

    body_filter_by_lua_block {
        Kong.body_filter()
    }

    log_by_lua_block {
        Kong.log()
    }

    location / {
        default_type                     '';

        set $ctx_ref                     '';
        set $upstream_te                 '';
        set $upstream_host               '';
        set $upstream_upgrade            '';
        set $upstream_connection         '';
        set $upstream_scheme             '';
        set $upstream_uri                '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_for    '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_proto  '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_host   '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_port   '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_path   '';
        set $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode             'http';

        proxy_http_version      1.1;
        proxy_buffering          on;
        proxy_request_buffering  on;

        proxy_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        proxy_set_header      Host               $upstream_host;
        proxy_set_header      Upgrade            $upstream_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header      Connection         $upstream_connection;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        proxy_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass_header     Server;
        proxy_pass_header     Date;
        proxy_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream$upstream_uri;
    }

    location @unbuffered {
        internal;
        default_type         '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode 'unbuffered';

        proxy_http_version      1.1;
        proxy_buffering         off;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        proxy_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        proxy_set_header      Host               $upstream_host;
        proxy_set_header      Upgrade            $upstream_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header      Connection         $upstream_connection;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        proxy_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass_header     Server;
        proxy_pass_header     Date;
        proxy_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream$upstream_uri;
    }

    location @unbuffered_request {
        internal;
        default_type         '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode 'unbuffered';

        proxy_http_version      1.1;
        proxy_buffering          on;
        proxy_request_buffering off;

        proxy_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        proxy_set_header      Host               $upstream_host;
        proxy_set_header      Upgrade            $upstream_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header      Connection         $upstream_connection;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        proxy_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass_header     Server;
        proxy_pass_header     Date;
        proxy_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream$upstream_uri;
    }

    location @unbuffered_response {
        internal;
        default_type         '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode 'unbuffered';

        proxy_http_version      1.1;
        proxy_buffering         off;
        proxy_request_buffering  on;

        proxy_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        proxy_set_header      Host               $upstream_host;
        proxy_set_header      Upgrade            $upstream_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header      Connection         $upstream_connection;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        proxy_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass_header     Server;
        proxy_pass_header     Date;
        proxy_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream$upstream_uri;
    }

    location @grpc {
        internal;
        default_type         '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode 'grpc';

        grpc_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        grpc_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        grpc_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        grpc_pass_header     Server;
        grpc_pass_header     Date;
        grpc_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        grpc_ssl_server_name on;
        grpc_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream;
    }

    location = /kong_buffered_http {
        internal;
        default_type         '';
        set $kong_proxy_mode 'http';

        rewrite_by_lua_block       {;}
        access_by_lua_block        {;}
        header_filter_by_lua_block {;}
        body_filter_by_lua_block   {;}
        log_by_lua_block           {;}

        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header      TE                 $upstream_te;
        proxy_set_header      Host               $upstream_host;
        proxy_set_header      Upgrade            $upstream_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header      Connection         $upstream_connection;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-For    $upstream_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Proto  $upstream_x_forwarded_proto;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Host   $upstream_x_forwarded_host;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Port   $upstream_x_forwarded_port;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Path   $upstream_x_forwarded_path;
        proxy_set_header      X-Forwarded-Prefix $upstream_x_forwarded_prefix;
        proxy_set_header      X-Real-IP          $remote_addr;
        proxy_pass_header     Server;
        proxy_pass_header     Date;
        proxy_ssl_name        $upstream_host;
        proxy_ssl_server_name on;
        proxy_pass            $upstream_scheme://kong_upstream$upstream_uri;
    }

    location = /kong_error_handler {
        internal;
        default_type                 '';

        uninitialized_variable_warn  off;

        rewrite_by_lua_block {;}
        access_by_lua_block  {;}

        content_by_lua_block {
            Kong.handle_error()
        }
    }
}

server {
    server_name kong_admin;
    listen 0.0.0.0:8001;

    access_log /dev/stdout;
    error_log  /dev/stderr debug;


    # injected nginx_admin_* directives
    client_body_buffer_size 10m;
    client_max_body_size 10m;

    location / {
        default_type application/json;
        content_by_lua_block {
            Kong.admin_content()
        }
        header_filter_by_lua_block {
            Kong.admin_header_filter()
        }
    }

    location /nginx_status {
        internal;
        access_log off;
        stub_status;
    }

    location /robots.txt {
        return 200 'User-agent: *\nDisallow: /';
    }
}

Does anyone know what may cause this issue, can kong operate without network? or if there is a setting that is needed to get around this issue?


Solution 1:

DNS resolving is done by using UDP request/response actions or TCP connections. Both require that the system can send packets to the IP address of the DNS resolver.

In order to do that, one needs to have a route defined at least to the name server.

In your case, you would need to have a route to 172.13.0.21.