Clone disk with multiple partitions using dd
Solution 1:
If the disk is of equal or larger size, you should be fine. This clones the disk as-is:
dd if=/dev/nvme0n1 of=/dev/target conv=sync status=progress
It's unclear what you want to achieve though. You may have trouble if your OS (and I'm assuming you are cloning a disk containing an OS as you mentioned boot partitions) you are cloning detects the disk differently (Windows HAL or Linux' fstab entries).
edit
As you mentioned Ubuntu, check that your /etc/fstab and your boot-loader use UUIDs to mount your filesystems. In that case, it should just work (tm).