Dumping current .zshrc from terminal

I've wanted to make quick edit in a .zshrc, but vim said that it can't be written or something. So I quit, with :q!. Then I wanted to reopen this file... and it was empty.

I still have terminal open which works with previous configuration. How can I restore complete .zshrc(or as close to complete) from it? I've already saved my aliases with 'alias' command.

First of, there is no way to get the actual ~/.zshrc from a running shell session. This is mainly due to the fact that ~/.zshrc is essentially a shell script and only the settings it does make it into the shell session, but not the logic behind the settings.

Nevertheless, you actually can get some information from a running shell session, that may help you in recreating some of the settings that were in your lost .zshrc:

• As you already noted, you can get your aliases from the shell builtin alias. With alias -L you actually can get a list of calls to alias, which you can put into your new ~/.zshrc just as-is.
• Calling setopt gives you a list of the shell options that are not set to the default values.
• set will print a list of all parameters and their values. A lot of it was probably not set explicitly in your configuration, but some of it was. Settings like the prompts (PROMPT, PROMPT2, PROMPT3, PROMPT4, RPROMPT and RPROMPT2), history (HISTSIZE, SAVEHIST, HISTFILE, etc.), default editor (EDITOR) and pager (PAGER) can be found there, so having a look may be worth it.
• autoload will give at least some indication what modules were loaded. You can ignore any function declaration starting with an underscore as they are most likely loaded by the completion system. Although the rest may not necessarily have been loaded explicitly, it will at least give some indication.
• zstyle -L will print a list of the settings made with zstyle as list of commands (just like alias -L).
• bindkey -L will print your current keymap as a list of commands. If the list is pretty long and does not have (a lot of) commands starting with vi- your shell probably ran in emacs mode, in which case putting bindkey -e into your new zshrc will probably restore most settings. For the rest you can diff the outputs of bindkey -L in the running and a new shell. If you utilized the vicmd mode those settings can be retrieved with bindkey -aL.
• functions gives you the listings of the functions defined in your session. Again, not all of them may have been actually set in your configuration, but it is a starting point.