how to get a div to randomly move around a page (using jQuery or CSS)

Solution 1:

The basic premise is to generate positional values, and use jquery's animate() function to move the div. The calculation of the next position is simple, you just need a bit of math. Here's a very basic jsfiddle i just knocked up. It could do with possibly a delay timer, a dynamically calculating speed based on how far its got too move e.c.t. But it gives you a start point i hope.

http://jsfiddle.net/Xw29r/

Updated example code with speed modifier:

http://jsfiddle.net/Xw29r/15/

For some reason this is still getting some attention, so here's an updated answer that uses CSS transitions which should be much smoother.

http://jsfiddle.net/bf9nv1q6/

function RandomObjectMover(obj, container) {
	this.$object = obj;
  this.$container = container;
  this.container_is_window = container === window;
  this.pixels_per_second = 250;
  this.current_position = { x: 0, y: 0 };
  this.is_running = false;
}

// Set the speed of movement in Pixels per Second.
RandomObjectMover.prototype.setSpeed = function(pxPerSec) {
	this.pixels_per_second = pxPerSec;
}

RandomObjectMover.prototype._getContainerDimensions = function() {
   if (this.$container === window) {
       return { 'height' : this.$container.innerHeight, 'width' : this.$container.innerWidth };
   } else {
   	   return { 'height' : this.$container.clientHeight, 'width' : this.$container.clientWidth };
   }
}

RandomObjectMover.prototype._generateNewPosition = function() {

	// Get container dimensions minus div size
  var containerSize = this._getContainerDimensions();
	var availableHeight = containerSize.height - this.$object.clientHeight;
  var availableWidth = containerSize.width - this.$object.clientHeight;
    
  // Pick a random place in the space
  var y = Math.floor(Math.random() * availableHeight);
  var x = Math.floor(Math.random() * availableWidth);
    
  return { x: x, y: y };    
}

RandomObjectMover.prototype._calcDelta = function(a, b) {
	var dx   = a.x - b.x;         
  var dy   = a.y - b.y;         
  var dist = Math.sqrt( dx*dx + dy*dy ); 
  return dist;
}

RandomObjectMover.prototype._moveOnce = function() {
		// Pick a new spot on the page
    var next = this._generateNewPosition();
    
    // How far do we have to move?
    var delta = this._calcDelta(this.current_position, next);
    
		// Speed of this transition, rounded to 2DP
		var speed = Math.round((delta / this.pixels_per_second) * 100) / 100;
    
    //console.log(this.current_position, next, delta, speed);
          
    this.$object.style.transition='transform '+speed+'s linear';
    this.$object.style.transform='translate3d('+next.x+'px, '+next.y+'px, 0)';
    
    // Save this new position ready for the next call.
    this.current_position = next;
  
};

RandomObjectMover.prototype.start = function() {

	if (this.is_running) {
  	return;
  }

	// Make sure our object has the right css set
  this.$object.willChange = 'transform';
  this.$object.pointerEvents = 'auto';
	
  this.boundEvent = this._moveOnce.bind(this)
  
  // Bind callback to keep things moving
  this.$object.addEventListener('transitionend', this.boundEvent);
  
  // Start it moving
  this._moveOnce();
  
  this.is_running = true;
}

RandomObjectMover.prototype.stop = function() {

	if (!this.is_running) {
  	return;
  }
  
  this.$object.removeEventListener('transitionend', this.boundEvent);
  
	this.is_running = false;
}


// Init it
var x = new RandomObjectMover(document.getElementById('a'), window);


// Toolbar stuff
document.getElementById('start').addEventListener('click', function(){
	x.start();
});
document.getElementById('stop').addEventListener('click', function(){
	x.stop();
});
document.getElementById('speed').addEventListener('keyup', function(){
  if (parseInt(this.value) > 3000 ) {
 		alert('Don\'t be stupid, stupid');
    this.value = 250;
  }
	x.setSpeed(parseInt(this.value));
});


// Start it off

x.start();

div#toolbar {
  position:fixed;
  background:#20262F;
  width:100%;
  text-align:center;
  padding: 10px
}
div#a {
width: 50px;
height:50px;
background-color:red;
position:absolute;
}

<div id="toolbar">
<button id="start">Start</button>
<button id="stop">Stop</button>
<input type="number" value="250" id="speed" />
</div>
<div id='a'></div>

Solution 2:

Try this:

function moveDiv() {
    var $span = $("#random");

    $span.fadeOut(1000, function() {
        var maxLeft = $(window).width() - $span.width();
        var maxTop = $(window).height() - $span.height();
        var leftPos = Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxLeft + 1))
        var topPos = Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxTop + 1))

        $span.css({ left: leftPos, top: topPos }).fadeIn(1000);
    });
};

moveDiv();
setInterval(moveDiv, 5000);

Example fiddle

Solution 3:

well you'll need to capture the dimensions of the window

then you'll need to generate random numbers <= the height and width of the screen (minus the width/height of the box)

give the box an absolute position, and give the box have the generated x,y coordinates

then set a timer to call this function again.

$(document).ready(function() {
    randoBox = {
      width:$("body").width(),
      height:$("body").height(),
      x:0,
      y:0,
      el:null,
      time:1000,
      state:"active",
      init: function(){
        el = $(document.createElement('div'));
        el.attr("style","position:absolute;left:"+this.x+";top:"+this.y+";");
        el.html("DVD")            
        el.height(100);
        el.width(100);
        $("body").append(el);
      },
      move:function(){
        this.y = Math.random()*this.height+1;
        this.x = Math.random()*this.width+1;
        el.attr("style","position:absolute;left:"+this.x+";top:"+this.y+";");            
      },
      run:function(state){
        if (this.state == "active" || state){
          this.move();
          setTimeout(function(){this.run()},this.time);
        }
      }
    }
    randoBox.init();
    randoBox.run(true);
});

Solution 4:

EDIT Added random movement, like DVD idle screen but can bounce anywhere.

http://jsfiddle.net/ryXBM/2/

dirR = "+=2";
dirL = "+=2";

function moveDir() {
 if (Math.random() > 0.95) {
  swapDirL();
 }
 if (Math.random() < 0.05) {
  swapDirR();
 }
}

function swapDirL() {
    dirL == "+=2" ? dirL = "-=2" : dirL = "+=2"; 
}

function swapDirR() {
    dirR == "+=2" ? dirR = "-=2" : dirR = "+=2";   
}

setInterval (function() { $("#d").css("left", dirL); $("#d").css("top", dirR); moveDir(); } , 50)

CSS

#d { position: absolute;
 left: 100px;
 top: 100px;
 width: 100px;
 height: 100px;
 background-color: #fce;   
}

Solution 5:

You could use jQuery Slide and Math.random(), generating one random number to use as the distance to move and another random number to base your decision on which direction to move in.