Can I permanently block an update (non-driver) that will not install on my machine on Win10 pro?

There is no other official way to permanently block updates except the Troubleshooter from KB3073930.

There is a 3rd party tool called Windows Update MiniTool which allows to select which updates can be installed and allows to block updates like you could in former Windows versions.

An alternative to the standard Windows Update What you can do: • Check for updates
• Download updates
• Installing Updates
• Deleting installed updates
• Hiding unwanted updates
• Get direct links to the *.cab / *.Exe / *.Psf update files • View update history
• Configure Automatic Updates
• This tool is like the external powershell module PSWindowsUpdate, but much more advanced and user-friendly features
• The tool relies and use same WU infrastructure, all downloading are through WU it's not a downloader