Is it possible to modify a string of char in C?

I have been struggling for a few hours with all sorts of C tutorials and books related to pointers but what I really want to know is if it's possible to change a char pointer once it's been created.

This is what I have tried:

char *a = "This is a string";
char *b = "new string";

a[2] = b[1]; // Causes a segment fault

*b[2] = b[1]; // This almost seems like it would work but the compiler throws an error.

So is there any way to change the values inside the strings rather than the pointer addresses?

Solution 1:

When you write a "string" in your source code, it gets written directly into the executable because that value needs to be known at compile time (there are tools available to pull software apart and find all the plain text strings in them). When you write char *a = "This is a string", the location of "This is a string" is in the executable, and the location a points to, is in the executable. The data in the executable image is read-only.

What you need to do (as the other answers have pointed out) is create that memory in a location that is not read only--on the heap, or in the stack frame. If you declare a local array, then space is made on the stack for each element of that array, and the string literal (which is stored in the executable) is copied to that space in the stack.

char a[] = "This is a string";

you can also copy that data manually by allocating some memory on the heap, and then using strcpy() to copy a string literal into that space.

char *a = malloc(256);
strcpy(a, "This is a string");

Whenever you allocate space using malloc() remember to call free() when you are finished with it (read: memory leak).

Basically, you have to keep track of where your data is. Whenever you write a string in your source, that string is read only (otherwise you would be potentially changing the behavior of the executable--imagine if you wrote char *a = "hello"; and then changed a[0] to 'c'. Then somewhere else wrote printf("hello");. If you were allowed to change the first character of "hello", and your compiler only stored it once (it should), then printf("hello"); would output cello!)

Solution 2:

No, you cannot modify it, as the string can be stored in read-only memory. If you want to modify it, you can use an array instead e.g.

char a[] = "This is a string";

Or alternately, you could allocate memory using malloc e.g.

char *a = malloc(100);
strcpy(a, "This is a string");
free(a); // deallocate memory once you've done

Solution 3:

A lot of folks get confused about the difference between char* and char[] in conjunction with string literals in C. When you write:

char *foo = "hello world";

...you are actually pointing foo to a constant block of memory (in fact, what the compiler does with "hello world" in this instance is implementation-dependent.)

Using char[] instead tells the compiler that you want to create an array and fill it with the contents, "hello world". foo is the a pointer to the first index of the char array. They both are char pointers, but only char[] will point to a locally allocated and mutable block of memory.