ViewPager.setOffscreenPageLimit(0) doesn't work as expected

The best way that I found was setUserVisibleHint
add this to your fragment

@Override
public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
    super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser);
    if (isVisibleToUser) {
        // load data here
    }else{
       // fragment is no longer visible
    }
}

Does ViewPager require a minimum of 1 offscreen pages

Yes. If I am reading the source code correctly, you should be getting a warning about this in LogCat, something like:

Requested offscreen page limit 0 too small; defaulting to 1

You can try like this :

public abstract class LazyFragment extends Fragment {
    protected boolean isVisible;
    /**
     * 在这里实现Fragment数据的缓加载.
     * @param isVisibleToUser
     */
    @Override
    public void setUserVisibleHint(boolean isVisibleToUser) {
        super.setUserVisibleHint(isVisibleToUser);
        if(getUserVisibleHint()) {
            isVisible = true;
            onVisible();
        } else {
            isVisible = false;
            onInvisible();
        }
    }
    protected void onVisible(){
        lazyLoad();
    }
    protected abstract void lazyLoad();
    protected void onInvisible(){}

protected abstract void lazyLoad();
protected void onInvisible(){}